NIGERIA "OKPOHO" TYPE MANILLA SLAVE TRADE BRACELET ODD AND CURIOUS MONEY

NIGERIA- Bronze “Manilla”, this particular style called “Okpoho”, “Abi”, “Okombo” and “Atoni”. Slave Trade Bracelet Bar Currency often called “Bagulu” as a general type. Smaller, lighter types with the greatest variation of all the Manillas, these are the last produced, circa 1810 to 1850 A.D. Made in Europe for the Slave Trade, mostly in Portugal and England. Listed in most works on Odd and Curious money. See Herbert, P. 204. Similar, smaller, lighter types like these were carried on the slave trade schooner Duoro, sunk in 1843 (sorry, we don’t have any of those left now). Verdigris and Cuprite patina, uncleaned with some old dirt adhering, but not flaking or scaling, intact and original, call the grade Very Fine. Weight varies on these specimens, circa 60 to 75 grams on specimens we checked, they vary quite a bit both lighter and heavier. Sizes are aprx. 53-59 mm. across and the “feet” being smaller, but vary greatly in shape and size, about 15 to 20 mm. wide. Like many trade goods items, these are easily dated by size, style, shape of the feet, all of which changed over time. Great old pieces of Odd and Curious money. We bought several good sized groups of these about 18 years back, just now getting around to oneoffering them! We have many other different types we will be listing as time permits. This listing is for one (1) Manilla, the photo shows four to give an idea of the variatrion on these.
We do combine shipping on multiple items to save you money, all items sent insured, much safer than tracking.
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SHIPPING- Due to repeated problems with items sent outside the U.S.” not arriving”, we are forced to require all foreign shipments be sent by Registered Mail only. There will be no exceptions to this, no matter if you are willing to risk your items loss or not. Pay Pal recognizes proof of delivery only, and other than Registered Mail, there is really no inexpensive means to ship items outside the U.S. with some proof of delivery. We no longer ship to Italy or Germany at all, sorry. Italy actually prohibits valuable items, such as coins, bank notes, stamps, etc. to be shipped via Registered Mail, the safest means possible! The United Kingdom only allows valuable items to be sent via Registered Mail. Canada, you are outside the U.S., so the Registered only applies to you also. The base price for Registered Mail  for overseas is $14.95, in addition to actual postage costs. We have added the $14.95 as a handling fee here for overseas, actually it is cost. Overseas, if you do not want to pay for Registered Mail, please do not bid. Registered can be slow, as all handling Registered must sign for it, and it must be under lock and key at all times, often it can take as long as 30 days to arrive. With this in mind if you are the other side of the world, please do not email us with questions about why your lots have not arrived 5 days after you receive our shipping notice.
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